Roofing manufacture



March 7, 1933. E. T. DOYON 1,900,598

UzigiR-ii Filed NOV. 23, 1923 3 sheets-Sheet l March 7, 1933. T, DQYON 1,900,598

ROOFING MANUFACTURE Original Filed Nov. 23. 1923 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 March E. T. DOYON 1,900,598

RQOFING MANUFACTURE Original Filed Nov. 23, 1923 Patented Mar. 7, 1933 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE EUGENE T. DOYON, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNOR, BY MESNE ASSIGNMENTS, TO

CERTAIN-TEED PRODUCTS CORPORATION, A CORPORATION OF MARYLAND ROOFING MANUFACTURE Application filed November 23, 1923, Serial No. 676,541. Renewed October 27, 193 0.

This invention relates to v'ari-colored roofin Tt has been long understood in the art of prepared roofing that an ornamental and vancolored appearance may be obtained by applying to the usual adhesive base, mineral particles of different colors and in ununiform mixtures. For instance mixtures occurring in nature and comprising differently colored particles, non-uniformly mixed, have been employed to produce roofing presenting varicolored patches merging into each other so as to produce a blending of the distinctively colored patches.

The object of this invention is to provide a roofing strip producing, when laid in the roof, a semblance of individual shingles collect vely exhibiting mottled or vari-colored merging and blending patches without defined or readily distinguishable areas of color, or streaked or striped effects, or other evidences of a formal or systematic disposition of colors such as usually results from a mechanical application of vari-colored materials.

For these purposes the invention proposes a method of preliminarily intermingling selected ingredients of different colors and controlling their intermingling; then applying the composite ingredients in the conventional manner to a sheet of the usual roofing material; and then so sub-dividing the sheet that the resulting units when assembled upon the roof will present undefined but vari-colored patches without streaked or formal striped effects. Such a roof simulates the wellknown ornamental slate roof composed of slate slabs of naturally blended colors.

The invention may be readily understood by reference to one illustrative embodiment, shown in the accompanying drawings, in which:

Figure 1 is a perspective view of the illustrative ornamental strips and a representation, somewhat diagrammatic in character of certain steps-in the method of manufacture of the strips;

Fig. 2 is a cross-section of the one practicable form of hopper for delivering the surfacing material to the adhesive base;

Fig. 3 is a partial vertical section, taken along the line 3-3 of Fig. 2, illustratin the manner of mixing or commingling o the vari-colored surfacing materials;

Fig. 4 is an elevation, partially in crosssection, of the delivering hopper and the supply conveyors and bin for the supply of the vari-colored surfacing materials to the delivering hopper;

Fig. 5 is a diagrammatic view of a conventional method of manufacturing prepared 00 roofing; and

Fig. 6 is a view of a roof surface laid with the illustrative ornamental strip.

In the drawings the ornamental strip 10 has projecting from one edge thereof spaced, tapering tabs 12, generally semi-hexagonal in outline. Preferably, the tabs 12 are so located and proportioned that the space between adjacent tabs is equal and complementary to the tabs. Thus when these strips are laid in overlapping courses with the ends of the tabs of one course registering with the inner edge of the spaces of the next lower course, a roofing is provided which presents the appearance of a collection of individual shingles of generally hexagonal shape (see Fig. 6).

To avoid the formation of elongated streaks in the roofing surface as laid, by the matching together of patches of like colors, the ornamental strips are cut from the roofing sheet 14 on the bias, (that is, at an an le to the line XY which is at right ang es to the direction of travel of the sheet) in some such manner as illustrated in Fig. 1. To save material, these strips may be formed by severing the roofing sheet 14 along alternating straight and broken lines represented by the rear and complementary front edges respectively of the shin le strips. Preferably, at some stage in the ormation of the strips, the roofing material is slit along lines 15 to form two shorter shingle strips from a single width of material.

Thus formed, the strips may be easily arranged as illustrated somewhat diagrammatically in Fig. 6, to break the continuity of patches of a single color and wholly to avoid the formation of any streaks or stripes, and the artificial or unnatural appearance r0- duced thereby. Further, they give the aid roof a vari-colored appearance which is more pleasing and varied and of a difierent character than the uncut roofing itself. As laid,

the roof presents the appearance of a collection of individual shingles having irregular vari-colored patches of indefinite and indistinguishable extent, and which blend one with another. Thus is avoided all a pearance of systematic application of the ifi'erently colored surfacing materials.

If desired, these strips may be formed by passing the sheet roofing material into a cutting machine of the type shown in Speer Patent No. 1,352,154.

In Figs. 1 to 5, illustrating conventional apparatus for manufacturing these shingle strips, the usual type of hopper 16 is employed from which the ranular surfacing materials such as crushed slate flow, in the usual manner, in a continuous and uninterrupted stream 17 extending entirely across the sheet of material 14. The surfacing material is applied by causing the sheet to travel underneath the stream of materials.

Preferably, the foundation material for the roofing, e. g. roofing felt, is treated in the conventional way, by passing the same through a preservative saturating compound such as low-melting asphalt contained in a receptacle represented by the tank 18. The sheet travels through pressing rollers 19 which press out the excess saturating comound and then between devices represented y the coating rollers 20 which apply a substantial coating of mastic material, such as heavy asphalt.

Uniformity in the flow of the stream of material 17 is effected by the usual fluted feeding roll 21 placed below the orifice 22 at the bottom of the hopper. Regulation of the amount of flow may be effected by a device represented by the plate or shutter 23 for varying the size of the dischar opening 24. The shutter 23 may be moved, to vary the transverse dimension of the discharge open-' ing)by a rack 25 and pinion 26.

ne means for pre-arranging the differently colored materials is represented by the series of partitions 27, 27, etc., within the hopper 16. These partitions divide the hopper transversely into compartments 28 which are arranged to communicate to a greater or less extent by terminating the partitions, at oints 29, certain distances above the upper surface of the feeding roll. By terminating the partitions above the bottom of the hoppzr, the materials in ad'acent hoppers can induced to mix partia ly (see Fig. 3), or

to a degree approximating natural non-uniform mixtures of contrasting surfacing materials. Some further mixing may result through the agitation produced by the feeding roll and t e travel of the materials over the roll as they fall upon the sheet. The extent of mingling or mixing of materials may be varied to secure the desired result by varying, relatively or otherwise, the sizes of the communicating spaces 30 between compartments, throu h termination of the lower edge of the partitions 27 at varying distances above the upper surface of the feeding roll, as indicated in dotted lines in Fig. 2.

Thus control of the degree of contrast between adjacent differently colored patches may be secured by varying the degree of mingling or blending of those materials within the hopper. Further control of the effect produced by the preliminar arrangement of materials may be secured y varying, relatively or otherwise, the longitudinal dimension of the compartments 28, that is, by varying the distance between partitions 27. Thus one color may be arranged to predominate over other colors, or a particularly vivid color may be suppressed, by reduction in size of compartments or in degree of mixing, so that its color value more nearly balances with other less striking colors.

One arrangement of partitions for producing a certain effect is shown in the illustrative hopper, Figs. 1 and 4) in which the letters G, R. M, B, and Y represent, green, red, mixed (being a mixture of some or all of these colors). blue-black, and yellow, the colors of the slate contained in the corresponding compartments. Here the compartments for the yellow and blue-black are relatively narrow, thus reducing the color value of these colors on the finished article. Obviously, a great variety of arrangement of colors as well as color values may be produced by suitable pre-arrangement of colors and proportioning of compartments.

The action of the materials within the hopper 16 is represented diagrammatically in ig. 3, in which the individual patches of colors, separately maintained in their respective compartments 28, flow into a common compartment comprising the space from end to end at the bottom of the hopper below partitions. From the hopper bottom, the materials flow out in the usual manner in a continuous stream or thin sheet extending from end to end of the hopper and across the sheet. As the materials flow out of their respective compartments, an irregular amount of mixing occurs Within the hopper, which produces a correspondingly irregular effect when the mixed materials are delivered together onto the sheet. Owing to the variation in angles of repose for materials of this kind, at one time, for example, the red may flow more readily into the blue-black than at other times and vice versa. At other times the blue-black may flow more largely into the red, thus producing irregularity in the amount of mixing or blending of the colors.

Following the application of the layer of mineral surfacing material, the sheet 14 is subjected to such further treatment as may 1,coo,sce

be necessar For example, it may be passed in the usua manner over a number of coolin rolls 31 at which time the sheet is cooled and the particles of surfacin material are ressed firmly into the mastic coating layer. urplus mineral material not adhering to the coating layer is readily removed by passin the sheet artly over and partly under a ro durin w ich time the surplus material falls off. his sur lus material is a mixture of all colors, an preferably is utilized by-returnin it to one or more of the compartments arranged to receive mixed colors. The sheet is then passed to some form of cutting machine represented at 32 for cutting a the material into the finishedunits.

The supply of the difierently colored materials within the hopper may be convenient- Obviousl an ly replenished from a suppl bin 33 containing compartments marked M, R, B, and Y for reen, mixed, red, blue-black, and yellow sur acin materials; These compartments are pre erably proportioned in accordance with the relative amounts of the difl'erent colors applied to the sheet. Conduits represented by pipes 34 lead from these compartments to the compartments in the hopper containing corresponding colors. Elevating conveyors 35 and 36 serve to elevate the mineral materials to the suppl bin. The conve'yor 36 is employed, pre erably, only for mixed materials and the conveyor 35 is employed for the materials of the other colors. For this purpose the spout 37 of the conveyor 35 is made telescoping so that it may be placed to discharge into the different compartments of the supply bin. other means for rep enishing. the supp y o the surfacing materials in the ho per may be employed.

viously the invention is not limited to the details of the illustrative roofing strip or the method and a paratus for manufacturing it, all or any of which ma be variouslv modified. Moreover it is not mdispensible that all features of the invention be used conjointly, as certain features may be employed to advantage in various difierent combinations and sub-combinations. 7

Having thus described one embodiment of my invention, I claim: 7

1. The method of making vari-colored roofing by passing a sheet of roofing material across a continuous stream of surfacing material, which is characterized by a prelimi:

nary arrangement of differently colored surfacing materials within the source of supply from which the materials are delivered in an uninterrupted stream to the sheet of roofing material and then cutting the surfaced sheet on the bias into units of limited size, whereby when the units are laid in overlapping courses, the arrangement of colors on the roof is different from that on the uncut sheet of material.

ery hopper arranged to continuous 2-. The method of making vari-colored roofing by passing a sheet of roofing material across a continuous stream of surfacing material, which is characterized by a preliminary arrangement of difi'erently colored surfacing materials within the source of supply from which the materials are delivered in an uninterrupted stream to the sheet of roofing material, and then cuttin said sheet on the bias into roofing strips, t ereby to permit a change in the color arrang ment different from that onthe uncut material, when the units are laid on a roof.

3. The method of making vari-colored roofing by passing a sheet of roofing material across acontinuous stream of surfacing material, which is characterized by a preliminary arrangement of diiferently colored surfacing materials within the source of supply from which the materials are delivered in an uninterrupted stream to the sheet of'roofing material, and then cutting said sheet on the bias along a broken line to provide roofin :trips having shingle tabs projecting thererom.

4. The method of making vari-colored roofin units which is characterized by cutting the units on the bias from a sheet of vari-colored roofing material, whereby a roof when laid with overlapping courses of units will present a different vari-colored appearanci'e from that of the sheet of roofing mater1a 5. The method of making vari-colored roofing units which is characterized by surfacing an elongated sheet of roofing material with a non-uniform mixture of vari-colored materials which have been arranged to resent a vari-colored surface on said r00 material, and severing said sheet transversely on the bias into roofing units which when laid in overlapping courses in a roof will present a vari-colored a'p earance which is substantially difi'erent rom the arran colors on the roofing material itse f.

.6. In a machine for making vari-colored roofing, the combination comprisin a delivery ho per arranged-to continuous y deliver surfacing materials to an elongated sheet of roofing material in difl'erently colored adjacent rows extending substantially lengthwise of the sheet; and means for permitting a prearrangement of surfacing materials 0 different colors within the hopper, and a chamber for permittin a non-uniform minglin of the vari-colore materials in the hopper hefore delivery to the roofing sheet.

ment of 7. In a machine for making vari-colored deliver surfacing materials to an elongated sheet of roofing material in difierently colored adjacent rows extending substantially lengthwise of the sheet; and means for maintaining vari-colored surfacing materials initialroofing, the combination comprising a deliv- ,partments at the hopper 1y separate and a chamber permitting a nonuniform minglin of said materials in the hopper before delivery to the roofing sheet.

8. In a machine for making vari-colored roofing, the combination comprisin a delivery hopper arran ed to continuousgr deliver surfacing materiafis to an elongated sheet of roofing material in differently colored adjacent rows extending substantially lengthwise of the sheet; means comprising compartments for the vari-colored surfacing materials, and a chamber arranged to permit mingling of the materials before delivery to the roofing sheet.

9. In a machine for making vari-colored roofing, the combination comprising a delivery hopper arranged to deliver surfacing ma-' terials to a sheet of roofing materials in a contmuous stream; and means comprlsmg compartments communicating with a s ace at the .bottom of the ho per to permit mmglin of the materials be ore delivery to the roo sheet.

10. In a machine for making vari-colored roofing, the combination comprising a delivery hopper having a discharge opening for delivering an uninterrupted stream of varicolored surfacing material to a roofing sheet; and partitions within said hopper dividing the same transversely into compartments to receive vari-colored materials, and terminating a distance above the hopper bottom to provide a communicating s ace between comttom for materials about to be discharged from the hopper; said partition constructed and arranged to be separated various distances to provide various sizes of compartments and to be terminated at various distances from the hopper bottom, thereby permitting a control and variation for the vari-colored effects produced upon the roofing sheet.

11. In a machine for making vari-colored roofing, the combination comprising a delivery hopper for delivering an uninterrupted stream of vari-colored surfacing material to a roofing sheet; a supply receptacle for separately holding the different colors of materials; means for conveying the differently colored materials to various parts of said hopper; and an elevator for maintaining the supply of the separate colors in the supply receptacle.

12. In a machine for coating a roofing sheet with surfacing materials com rising means for coating the sheet with a ituminous compound, a lurality of compartments for supplying di erent surfacing mater als to said sheet in adjacent rows extending lengthwise thereof, and an equalizing chamber between said compartments and said sheet. o

13. In a roofing machine for fabricating vari-colored roofing, a hopper divided into a plurality of compartments for holding material, which is characterized b initially arranging differently colored sur ace materials as the source of supply, irrefgularly mixing the differently colored sur acing materials at spaced intervals transversely of the sheet, simultaneously depositing the surfacing materials uniformly on the sheet of roofing material, and then cutting the surfaced sheet into units of limited size.

16. The method of makin vari-colored roofing which consists in provi ing a sheet of roofing material, a plurality of separated masses of differently colored surface materials, moving these materials toward said sheet in adjacent rows, intermixin small amounts of the surfacing materials a ong the adjoining edges of the adjacent rows, and uniformly depositing the partially mixed surfacing materials on the sheet of roofing material.

17. The method of maki vari-colored roofing which consists in proiii ling a sheet of roofing material, a plurality of separated masses of differently colored surfacing maerial, flowing these materials toward said sheet in adjacent rows, partially mixing said masses of surfacing materials by temporarily interrupting their flow and bringing them together as a single mass, and depositing this single mass of partially mixed materials uniformly on a sheet of roofing material.

18. The method of making vari-colored roofing which consists in providing a sheet of roofing material, a plurality of separated masses of differently colored surfacing materials, permitting said masses to flow together in adjacent aligned rows, temporarily interrupting the flow thereof to allow partial intermixture of the masses along thejadjoining edges of the several rows, and Ldepositing these partially mixed materials :as'a single mass uniformly upon the sheet of roofing material.

19. In a machine for making vari-colored roofing, the combination of a hopper adapted to continuously deliver differently colored surfacing materials including dividing means of varying length within the hopper in adjacent rows longitudinally of a sheet of roofing material, and a chamber disposed between the hopper and the sheet to receive and blend the colored materials.

20. In a machine for making vari-colored roofing, the combination comprising a delivery hopper having a discharge opening for del verlng an uninterrupted stream of a plurahty of masses of vari-colored surfacin materials to a roofing sheet, and means 0 varyin length between each batch of varicolore surfacing material within the hopper for simultaneously supplying difi'erent quant tles of the several materials, whereby a. vanation 1n the degree of mixing of the differen; colors is efiected.

n testimon whereof I have si name to this sgecificatioli. gned my E. T. DOYON.

CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION.

Patent No. 1,900,598. March 7, 1933.

EUGENE T. DOYON.

It is hereby certified that error appears in the printed specification of the above numbered patent requiring correction as follows: Page 4, lines 127 and 128, claim'l), strike out the words "including dividing rneans of varying length within the hopper", and insert the same after "material" in line 130; and that the said Letters Patent should be read with this correction therein that the same may conform to the record of the case in the Patent Office.

Signed and sealed this 16th day of May, A. D. 1933.

Q! 1. Moore.

(Seal) Acting Commissioner of Patents.

between the hopper and the sheet to receive and blend the colored materials.

20. In a machine for making vari-colored roofing, the combination comprising a delivery hopper having a discharge opening for del verlng an uninterrupted stream of a plurahty of masses of vari-colored surfacin materials to a roofing sheet, and means 0 varyin length between each batch of varicolore surfacing material within the hopper for simultaneously supplying difi'erent quant tles of the several materials, whereby a. vanation 1n the degree of mixing of the differen; colors is efiected.

n testimon whereof I have si name to this sgecificatioli. gned my E. T. DOYON.

CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION.

Patent No. 1,900,598. March 7, 1933.

EUGENE T. DOYON.

It is hereby certified that error appears in the printed specification of the above numbered patent requiring correction as follows: Page 4, lines 127 and 128, claim'l), strike out the words "including dividing rneans of varying length within the hopper", and insert the same after "material" in line 130; and that the said Letters Patent should be read with this correction therein that the same may conform to the record of the case in the Patent Office.

Signed and sealed this 16th day of May, A. D. 1933.

Q! 1. Moore.

(Seal) Acting Commissioner of Patents. 

